#!/bin/sh # 导入公共环境 . ./common.sh #---------------------------------------------- # # 进行目录瘦身 # #---------------------------------------------- ./mk_strip.sh #---------------------------------------------- # # 制作磁盘 # #---------------------------------------------- echo "${CYAN}--- build disk --- ${NC}" # 创建磁盘 128M 或 256M if [ "${with_gcc}" = false ]; then create_disk disk.img 4096 else create_disk disk.img 4096 fi echo "${GREEN}+++ build disk ok +++${NC}" # 磁盘镜像挂载到具体设备 loop_dev=$(losetup -f) # fdisk -l disk.img 查看 start 为 2048, unit 512 所以 -o 偏移扇区 1048576 = 2048 x 512 losetup -o 1048576 ${loop_dev} disk.img # 对磁盘进行格式化 mkfs.ext3 ${loop_dev} # 如果制作的 disk.img 转换为 qemu-img convert disk.img -f raw -O vmdk out.vmdk, vmware 的磁盘类型一定设置为 SATA ,否则,启动失败 diskfs="diskfs" # 挂载磁盘到本地目录 mkdir -pv ${diskfs} mount -t ext3 ${loop_dev} ${diskfs} # 安装grub 引导 grub-install --boot-directory=${diskfs}/boot/ --target=i386-pc --modules=part_msdos disk.img #--------------------------------------------- # # 制作内核和 rootfs ( run 目录下 udev 被服务 udevd 使用,否则 xfce 鼠标不能使用 ) # #--------------------------------------------- rm -rf rootfs mkdir -pv rootfs mkdir -pv rootfs/dev mkdir -pv rootfs/etc mkdir -pv rootfs/sys mkdir -pv rootfs/mnt mkdir -pv rootfs/run mkdir -pv rootfs/tmp mkdir -pv rootfs/lib mkdir -pv rootfs/sbin mkdir -pv rootfs/proc mkdir -pv rootfs/root mkdir -pv rootfs/lib64 mkdir -pv rootfs/lib/modules # 拷贝内核镜像 cp ${linux_install}/bzImage ${diskfs}/boot/bzImage cp ${linux_install}/lib ${diskfs}/ -r # 拷贝 glibc 到 rootfs cp ${glibc_install}/* rootfs/ -r rm -rf rootfs/var/db rm -rf rootfs/share rm -rf rootfs/usr/share find rootfs/ -name "*.a" -exec rm -rf {} \; # 编译的镜像带有 gcc 编译器 if [ "${with_gcc}" = false ]; then rm -rf rootfs/usr/include else cp ${glibc_install}/usr/lib64/libc_nonshared.a rootfs/usr/lib64 fi #---------------------------------------------------------------------- # 这个解释器必须设置对,否则系统会启动时 crash, 导致启动失败 !!!!!! # 这个现在 glibc 编译时,已经自动生成,先注释掉 #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # ln -s /lib/ld-2.32.so rootfs/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 # 拷贝 busybox 到 rootfs cp ${busybox_install}/* rootfs/ -r #----------------------------------------------- # # 制作启动文件系统 initramfs # #----------------------------------------------- cd rootfs echo "${CYAN}--- build initrd ---${NC}" # 这种方法也可以 mkinitramfs -k -o ./${diskfs}/boot/initrd 4.14.9 # 利用 Busybox 采用脚本制作 init 脚本 https://blog.csdn.net/embeddedman/article/details/7721926 # 光驱挂载 : /dev/cdrom 是 /dev/sr0 的软连接,也就是说 /dev/sr0 才是实际意义上的光驱。所以没有软连接, # 照样可以挂载光驱。使用命令"mount /dev/sr0 /mnt/cdrom"便可以实现挂载。 make_init() { cat<<"EOF">init #!/bin/sh # 必须首先挂载,否则 mdev 不能正常工作 mount -t sysfs sysfs /sys mount -t proc proc /proc mount -t devtmpfs udev /dev mount -t tmpfs tmpfs /tmp -o mode=1777 # 必须挂载一下,否则下面的 mount 不上 mdev -s mount -t ext3 /dev/sda1 /mnt # 关闭内核烦人的输出信息 echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/printk # 热插拔处理都交给 mdev # echo /sbin/mdev > /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug echo -e "\n\e[0;32mBoot took $(cut -d' ' -f1 /proc/uptime) seconds\e[0m" mkdir -p /dev/pts mount -t devpts devpts /dev/pts # 切换之前,修改 mount 路径 mount --move /dev /mnt/dev mount --move /sys /mnt/sys mount --move /proc /mnt/proc mount --move /tmp /mnt/tmp # 切换到真正的磁盘系统上 rootfs ---> diskfs # 因为 busybox 的 init 会重置环境变量,因此需要加动这里 export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="/lib:/lib64:/usr/lib:/usr/lib64:/usr/local/lib:/usr/local/lib64:/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu" # 切换到真正的文件系统 exec switch_root /mnt /sbin/init EOF # /sbin/init [switch_root 执行] ---> /etc/inittab [定义了启动顺序] ---> # /etc/init.d/rcS [系统 mount, 安装驱动,配置网络] ---> # /etc/init.d/rc.local [文件配置应用程序需要的环境变量] ---> /etc/profile [部分初始化] chmod +x init } make_init # 下面这些不用了,利用脚本里面的 busybox 的 mdev -s 自动挂载 # mknod -m 644 dev/tty0 c 4 1 # mknod -m 644 dev/tty c 5 0 # mknod -m 600 dev/console c 5 1 # mknod -m 644 dev/null c 1 3 # mknod -m 640 dev/sda1 b 8 1 # xfce 需要显卡设备 # mknod -m 664 dev/dri/card0 c 226 0 # 指定了利用 /etc/init.d/rcS 启动 cat<<"EOF">etc/inittab # 启动 syslogd ::sysinit:/bin/echo "starting syslogd ... ..." ::sysinit:/sbin/syslogd ::sysinit:/sbin/klogd # 启动 udevd 服务,保证鼠标设备能正常监视,否则键盘不能使用 ::sysinit:/bin/echo "starting udevd ... ..." ::sysinit:/usr/sbin/udevd --daemon ::sysinit:/usr/sbin/udevadm trigger ::sysinit:/usr/sbin/udevadm settle ::sysinit:echo "sysinit ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++" ::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS ::sysinit:echo "sysinit ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++" # /bin/sh invocations on selected ttys # # Note below that we prefix the shell commands with a "-" to indicate to the # shell that it is supposed to be a login shell. Normally this is handled by # login, but since we are bypassing login in this case, BusyBox lets you do # this yourself... # # Start an "askfirst" shell on the console (whatever that may be) -f root 自动登录 # 一定要加 tty1 ,否则登录时,会提示 : root login on 'UNKNOWN' tty1::respawn:-/bin/login -f root # Start an "askfirst" shell on /dev/tty2-4 tty2::respawn:-/bin/sh tty3::respawn:-/bin/sh tty4::respawn:-/bin/sh # /sbin/getty invocations for selected ttys tty4::respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty5 tty5::respawn:/sbin/getty 38400 tty6 # Example of how to put a getty on a serial line (for a terminal) #::respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS0 9600 vt100 #::respawn:/sbin/getty -L ttyS1 9600 vt100 # # Example how to put a getty on a modem line. #::respawn:/sbin/getty 57600 ttyS2 # Stuff to do when restarting the init process ::restart:/sbin/init # Stuff to do before rebooting ::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/reboot ::shutdown:/bin/umount -a -r ::shutdown:/sbin/swapoff -a EOF find . | cpio -R root:root -H newc -o | gzip -9 > ../${diskfs}/boot/initrd echo "${GREEN}+++ build initrd ok +++${NC}" cd .. #-------------------------------------------------------------- # # 生成磁盘文件系统(利用 busybox 结构,省的自己创建了) # #-------------------------------------------------------------- echo "${CYAN}--- build diskfs ---${NC}" cp rootfs/* ${diskfs} -r # 单独的 lshw cp ${lshw_install}/* ${diskfs} -r # 单独的 lsof cp ${lsof_install}/* ${diskfs} -r # 单独的 pciutils cp ${pciutils_install}/* ${diskfs} -r if [ -f "${diskfs}/usr/share/pci.ids.gz" ]; then mkdir -pv ${diskfs}/usr/local/share mv ${diskfs}/usr/share/pci.ids.gz ${diskfs}/usr/local/share/pci.ids.gz fi # 单独的 strace cp ${strace_install}/* ${diskfs} -r # 带有 openssl cp ${openssl_install}/* ${diskfs} -r # 带有 openssh cp ${openssh_install}/* ${diskfs} -r # 带有 gcc 编译器 if [ "${with_gcc}" = true ]; then echo "${RED} ... build with-gcc${NC}" cp ${gcc_install}/* ${diskfs} -r cp ${binutils_install}/usr/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/* ${diskfs} -r fi rm -rf ${diskfs}/init ${diskfs}/lost+found # 测试用户登陆模式: root/123456 if [ "${with_login}" = true ]; then echo "${RED} ... build with-login${NC}" ./mk_login.sh ${diskfs} fi # 带有 xfce 编译器 if [ "${with_xfce}" = true ]; then echo "${RED} ... build xfce desktop${NC}" # 构建 Xorg 的键盘数据 rm ${xfce_install}/usr/local/share/X11/xkb -rf ln -s /usr/share/X11/xkb ${xfce_install}/usr/local/share/X11 # 依赖版本 libpcre.so.3 if [ -f "${xfce_install}/usr/local/lib/libpcre.so.1" ]; then cp ${xfce_install}/usr/local/lib/libpcre.so.1 ${xfce_install}/usr/local/lib/libpcre.so.3 fi # 依赖版本 libedit2 if [ -f "${xfce_install}/usr/local/lib/libedit.so.0" ]; then cp ${xfce_install}/usr/local/lib/libedit.so.0 ${xfce_install}/usr/local/lib/libedit.so.2 fi # 依赖版本 libtinfo.so.5 if [ -f "${xfce_install}/usr/lib/libtinfo.so.6" ]; then cp ${xfce_install}/usr/lib/libtinfo.so.6 ${xfce_install}/usr/lib/libtinfo.so.5 fi # 依赖版本 libffi.so.6 if [ -f "${xfce_install}/usr/local/lib/libffi.so.8" ]; then cp ${xfce_install}/usr/local/lib/libffi.so.8 ${xfce_install}/usr/local/lib/libffi.so.6 fi # dbus 用户添加 echo "video:x:44:" >> ${diskfs}/etc/group echo "messagebus:x:107:" >> ${diskfs}/etc/group echo "messagebus:x:103:107::/nonexistent:/usr/sbin/nologin" >> ${diskfs}/etc/passwd # dbus 启动需要这个,否则 upowerd 就不能正常工作 cp ${xfce_install}/usr/share/dbus-1/* ${xfce_install}/usr/local/share/dbus-1/ -r # dbus 启动脚本 # dbus-daemon --system --address=systemd: --nofork --nopidfile --systemd-activation --syslog-only # dbus-daemon --session --address=systemd: --nofork --nopidfile --systemd-activation --syslog-only # dbus-daemon --config-file=/usr/share/defaults/at-spi2/accessibility.conf --nofork --print-address 3 # 常用的 dbus 命令 # 列出所有的dbus服务 : # dbus-send --system --print-reply --dest=org.freedesktop.DBus /org/freedesktop/DBus org.freedesktop.DBus.ListActivatableNames # UPower 的dbus服务 : # dbus-send --print-reply --system --dest=org.freedesktop.UPower /org/freedesktop/UPower org.freedesktop.UPower.EnumerateDevices echo "if [ -f "/swapfile" ]; then" > ${diskfs}/xfce.sh echo " dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1M count=2048" >> ${diskfs}/xfce.sh echo " mkswap /swapfile" >> ${diskfs}/xfce.sh echo "fi" >> ${diskfs}/xfce.sh echo "swapon /swapfile" >> ${diskfs}/xfce.sh echo "/usr/libexec/upowerd &" >> ${diskfs}/xinitrc echo "/usr/local/bin/xfce4-session" >> ${diskfs}/xinitrc echo "dbus-daemon --system --nopidfile --systemd-activation" >> ${diskfs}/xfce.sh echo "xinit /xinitrc -- /usr/local/bin/Xorg :10" >> ${diskfs}/xfce.sh chmod +x ${diskfs}/xfce.sh ${diskfs}/xinitrc # 添加 machine-id mkdir -p ${diskfs}/usr/local/var/lib/dbus echo "2add25d2f5994832ba171755bc21f9fe" > ${diskfs}/etc/machine-id echo "2add25d2f5994832ba171755bc21f9fe" > ${diskfs}/usr/local/var/lib/dbus/machine-id # 这些本来需要编译完成,目前暂且拷贝 cp /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libLLVM-10.so.1 build/xfce_install/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ # cp /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libffi.so.6 build/xfce_install/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ # 拷贝 xfce4 到镜像目录 cp ${xfce_install}/* ${diskfs} -r -n # xfce 需要系统内执行下面两句,保证键盘数据存在 Xorg :10 才能执行成功 # 1. 键盘数据 # rm /usr/local/share/X11/xkb -rf # ln -s /usr/share/X11/xkb /usr/local/share/X11 # 2. 需要改动 libpcre.so.1 ---> libpcre.so.3 # 3. xfce4-session 需要 libuuid.so # 依赖版本 libpcre.so.3 if [ -f "${xfce_install}/usr/local/lib/libpcre.so.1" ]; then rm ${xfce_install}/usr/local/lib/libpcre.so.3 -rf fi # 依赖版本 libedit2 if [ -f "${xfce_install}/usr/local/lib/libedit.so.0" ]; then rm ${xfce_install}/usr/local/lib/libedit.so.2 -rf fi # 依赖版本 libtinfo.so.5 if [ -f "${xfce_install}/usr/lib/libtinfo.so.6" ]; then rm ${xfce_install}/usr/lib/libtinfo.so.5 -rf fi # 依赖版本 libffi.so.6 if [ -f "${xfce_install}/usr/local/lib/libffi.so.8" ]; then rm ${xfce_install}/usr/local/lib/libffi.so.6 -rf fi fi # 我们测试驱动, 制作的镜像启动后,我们进入此目录 insmod hello_world.ko 即可 ./mk_drv.sh $(pwd)/${diskfs}/lib/modules # 编译网卡驱动 ( 目前版本内核已集成 e1000 ) # cd ${build_dir}/linux-5.8.6 && make M=drivers/net/ethernet/intel/e1000/ && cd ../.. # 生成 grub.cfg 文件, 增加 console=ttyS0 就会让 qemu 输出日志到 qemu.log cat - > ${diskfs}/boot/grub/grub.cfg << EOF set timeout=3 menuentry "smart-os" { root=(hd0,msdos1) linux /boot/bzImage console=tty0 initrd /boot/initrd } EOF # 生成 /etc/resolv.conf 文件 cat -> ${diskfs}/etc/resolv.conf << EOF nameserver 8.8.8.8 nameserver 114.114.114.114 EOF cat -> ${diskfs}/etc/fstab << EOF # proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 tmpfs /tmp tmpfs defaults 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 EOF # 生成 /etc/init.d/rcS 文件 title=$(cat< ${diskfs}/etc/init.d/rcS << EOF #!/bin/sh echo -e "\n“${title}”\n" # 测试驱动加载 cd /lib/modules && insmod hello_world.ko # dns 测试 busybox 必须动态编译 动态编译 glibc 已经集成 dns 功能 # qemu # ifconfig eth0 192.168.100.6 && ifconfig eth0 up # route add default gw 192.168.100.1 # vmware ifconfig eth0 192.168.222.195 && ifconfig eth0 up route add default gw 192.168.222.2 # exec 执行 /etc/init.d/rc.local 脚本 # 启动 sshd 服务,保证远程连接,调试跟踪非常方便 /usr/sbin/sshd EOF chmod +x ${diskfs}/etc/init.d/rcS # 登陆 login shell ,非 non-login shell if [ "${with_login}" = true ]; then # 必须设置这个 /usr/libexe/upowerd 才能启动,否则,就会提示 "name lost, exiting" echo "export DBUS_SYSTEM_BUS_ADDRESS=unix:path=/usr/local/var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket" >> ${diskfs}/etc/profile echo "export PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin" >> ${diskfs}/etc/profile echo "export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/lib:/lib64:/usr/lib:/usr/lib64:/usr/local/lib:/usr/local/lib64:/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu" >> ${diskfs}/etc/profile else # 必须设置这个 /usr/libexe/upowerd 才能启动,否则,就会提示 "name lost, exiting" echo "export DBUS_SYSTEM_BUS_ADDRESS=unix:path=/usr/local/var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket" >> ${diskfs}/etc/profile echo "export PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin" >> ${diskfs}/etc/bash.bashrc echo "export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/lib:/lib64:/usr/lib:/usr/lib64:/usr/local/lib:/usr/local/lib64:/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu" >> ${diskfs}/etc/bash.bashrc fi echo "${GREEN}+++ build diskfs ok +++${NC}" # 卸载映射 umount ${loop_dev} losetup -d ${loop_dev} #---------------------------------------------------------------- # # 常用命令 # #---------------------------------------------------------------- # 查看CPU信息:cat /proc/cpuinfo # 查看板卡信息:cat /proc/pci # 查看PCI信息:lspci (相比cat /proc/pci更直观) # 查看内存信息:cat /proc/meminfo # 查看USB设备:cat /proc/bus/usb/devices # 查看键盘和鼠标:cat /proc/bus/input/devices # 查看系统硬盘信息和使用情况:fdisk & disk - l & df # 查看各设备的中断请求(IRQ):cat /proc/interrupts # 查看系统体系结构:uname -a # dmidecode查看硬件信息,包括bios、cpu、内存等信息 # dmesg | more 查看硬件信息 # modinfo命令可以单看指定的模块/驱动的信息 # 查看设备名称 cat /sys/class/input/mouse2/device/name # linux为什么访问设备数据先要mount? https://www.zhihu.com/question/524667726 #--------------------------------------------------------------- # # 查看磁盘内容 # #--------------------------------------------------------------- ./ls_img.sh #--------------------------------------------------------------- # # 转换为 vmware 格式 # #--------------------------------------------------------------- qemu-img convert disk.img -f raw -O vmdk disk.vmdk echo "Run the next script: 03_run_qemu.sh or 04_run_docker.sh"